john duffy railway murders offender profiling

Duffy was arrested the next day. Has knowledge of the railway system along which the attacks happened. Bulletin of NY Academy of Medicine, 62, 477-491. John Duffy and David Mulcahy are thought to have launched their first attack on July 1, 1982, when they raped a woman close to Hampstead Station in London's Hampstead village. What are the advantages and disadvantages of interpersonal communication? A distinction has been made between Marauders (who operate within the zone where they live) and Commuters (who travel away from home to commit their crimes). We are very grateful to our supporters who support our mission to open up education. This was the first case to have an attempt to use behavioural characteristics to search for a criminal instead of purely forensic evidence from the crime scene. It was the largest multi-jurisdictional police investigation in the United Kingdom since the Yorkshire Ripper investigation was concluded successfully several years before. Britton (1997) also admits that a large number of cases continue to be solved, not by profiling, but by routine police work, or the use of forensic evidence. et al (2004) The organised/disorganised typologies of serial murder: Myth or model? This is part of Professor Wilson's series of lectures. Very accurate What was one problem with the profiling of this case? As he grew older, Duffy married and became a martial arts fanatic.Their brutal crimes began on 1 July 1982, when the pair attacked and violently raped a 23-year-old woman in Hampstead, North London. In November 2000 John Duffy who was serving life for the rape and murder of several women, confessed that he was responsible for many more and that he committed some of the rapes with an accomplice: David Mulcahy. The database contains details of over 4,000 child murders, which allows police officers to make statistical predictions about the killer. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by MrsGouveia Terms in this set (18) Offender profiling More recent research has made greater claims for the usefulness of offender profiling (for example, approximately 80% of cases solved were helped by offender profiling according to Canter and Heritage, 1990). It was the first time a highest-category prisoner had ever given evidence against an accomplice.Mulcahy emerged as the chief perpetrator of the crimes and the first to decide that sexual stimulation was no longer enough of a thrill, so turning to murder. If the child's body is found without sexual interference, there is around a 70% likelihood that the killer is the guardian or parent, but when there is sexual interference, this figure drops to 1% -2 % (Murder in Mind, 1993). Serial killers are distinguished from spree killers by killing 3 or more people with down-time (intervals) in between. This Radex Model, which may assist in linkage analysis, features concentric circles of depravity, with common features at the centre and the most extreme activities (e.g. They have minimal interest in the media or police work and often have a history of mental illness. With sufficient forensic evidence to support a successful prosecution, Duffy was charged with three murders and seven counts of rape. Edexcel GCSE Psychology - Topic E - Offender Profiling and John Duffy Take the most famous of all serial killers, Jack the Ripper. Killing is a job to be done. See production, box office & company info. Case closed. Duffy and Mulcahy were pulled in for interrogation, but were eventually released. However, in other cases (e.g. Various types of serial killer have been suggested. Geoprofiling was first used to locate the wells responsible for a historic (1854) outbreak of cholera in Soho. These go back to at least 1992, when Wright was 34 - a more usual time for a serial killer to commence a career. 3. (2011) Resolving the offender profiling equations and the emergence of investigative psychology. Duffy was arrested near a local train station less than a month laterthis time for the illegal possession of a knife. Phillips opinion has been disputed, and we may never know whether he was right, but this is exactly the sort of deduction used by todays profilers. The next day, Duffy was charged with three murders, and seven counts of rape.Mulcahy was also arrested, but later released due to lack of evidence. The Child and Medical Treatment: The Chance to Live, or to Die with Dignity. 1 / 18 Process used by police to help narrow down the number of suspects based on the characteristics of the crime. Canter placed all the cases on a map and this allowed him to speculate about where the rapist might live. In September 1985, another vicious sexual assault occurred. Study Case Study - John Duffy flashcards from Esme Wishart's class online, or in Brainscape' s iPhone . For example, he was able to infer that the killer lived in an area of northwest London and had an unhappy married life with no children. The profile also said the perpetrator worked weekends. Because of the accuracy of Canters predictions psychologists are now commonly used in identifying serial killers. When John Duffy, renamed the "Railway Killer" because he ended up killing one of his victims, was arrested, 13 of the 17 identifiers turned out to be accurate. Consequently, they requested the assistance of Dr. David Canter, an expert in behavioural science and professor of applied psychology at Surrey University. PDF Forensic Science and Criminal Investigation - Amazon Web Services In April 1986, a fifteen-year old female was abducted from a train station in East Surrey. Outline how offender profiling techniques were used to solve the case John Duffy was a brutal rapist and killer who struck lone women at railway stations throughout the South East and mainly North and West London. When women engage in lust killing it usually in tandem with a male partner as a kind of folie a deux (Myra Hindley; Rose West). The attacks In 1982, a woman was raped by two men near Hampstead Heath railway station. We did it as a bit of a joke. References The success of the early profiles set him on track to develop a science-based approach to helping police investigations, which he called Investigative Psychology. Who are The Railway Killers John Duffy and David Mulcahy? Success or failure are not so easily measured when one is dealing with the sort of material used in profiling. This allowed Canter to speculate on where Duffy was likely to live. The woman is seen as a dangerous object that must be 'trussed and coerced' (Canter, 1994). They would be unable to establish sufficient proof until 1997, when Duffy admitted that David Mulcahy, a childhood friend, had been involved from the very beginning. Unheard of at the time in British law enforcement techniques, his profile proved to be invaluable. Visionary psychotics acting on the voice of God or the Devil. 1959) are two British rapists and serial killers who together attacked numerous women and children at railway stations in southern England during the 1980s. The victim was unable to identify him as the assailant, perhaps due to the traumatic stress she experienced during the crime. Gresham College has been providing free, public lectures since 1597. We all operate within a social context and so Canter believes that offences are not separate behaviours from the rest of the offenders life but rather are directly linked to their everyday interactions. As part of the investigation into the killing, a profile was commissioned from a psychologist. It is highly recommended that you read:Mapping Murder: The Secrets of Geographical Profilingin order to fully understand circle theory. The individual also would have a criminal record of violence. Some of his corpses seemed to be posed on their back in a crucifix position, but this was not a consistent feature (Harrison & Wilson, 2008). David Canter drew up a profile based on all the information available to him, such as what had been said at the time, and the developing location and nature of the offences. There is nothing mystical or magical about psychological profiling and certainly nothing psychic. Childhood abuse and neglect may lead to heinous crimes but equally motivate others to rise above their difficulties and develop a brilliant career (c.f., Dickens & Chaplin). Probably semi-skilled or skilling involving weekend work or casual labour from July 1984 onwards. 'Mr Mark Dennis, prosecuting, told Mulcahy's trial, "As they fed their new-found predilections they treated their victims as objects rather than persons." He was caught because, when stopped by police in the Leeds red-light district of Leeds, he tried to hide a tool-kit containing a hammer and screwdriver. Wright was 48 by the time he was arrested but could well have killed earlier. When John Duffy, renamed the Railway Killer because he ended up killing one of his victims, was arrested, 13 of the 17 identifiers turned out to be accurate. Over the next four years, a further 18 women were attacked.Despite John Duffy being known to the police as a violent man - after assaulting his wife and being found carrying a knife - he was still able to carry out a string of sexual assaults and commit two murders over a 15-month period. Thus, it is thought that the way in which the crime is committed is in part a reflection of the everyday traits and behaviour of the individual. PDF Synopsis Early Life Harold Shipman, the Yorkshire doctor who euthanised about 218 elderly women in West Yorkshire apparently witnessed his mother being put to sleep when he was 17, and seemed to be revisiting this scenario over and over. Outline how offender profiling techniques were used to solve the case of John Duffy, the 'railway rapist'? What they found was that the profilers did indeed produce richer and more detailed profiles and in relation to the sex offence, they were more accurate than non-profilers, but the detectives were more accurate on the murder case. Dorothea Puente, convicted serial killer, was known to give money to charity while . Certain geographic features induce Psychological Barriersthat might need to be taken account of (e.g., the Whitechapel road may have been important divider for Jack the Ripper, separating his doorstep from his hunting ground). This typifies the female serial killer in that they tend to use poison, kill those close to them and profit is the motive. Yet in the world of offender profiling, Canter is still the man with the highest profile. The cops bring the suspect to the station, interrogate them based on lines of inquiry suggested by the profiler, and elicit a full confession. Psychologist David Canter studied details of the crimes and created a profile of the rapists traits, personality, and habits. It may be useful to ask how the criminal travels. The sudden flurry of murders that led to his capture smacks of an endgame. He grew up in Haverstock in the northern part of London. In addition if any information provided by a profiler is used that helps in catching a criminal is this success, even if the rest of the information provided was useless? They may take pleasure in the cruelty inflicted on their victim as evidenced by overkill (e.g., stabbing the victim many more times than necessary to kill them or disembowelling them). This however was to be rescinded by a European Court of Human Rights ruling, that later removed the right of politicians to reset sentence tariffs.Duffy kept silent about having an accomplice until he decided he wanted to clear his conscience while undertaking a counselling session. (2003) The Psychology of Serial Killer Investigations: The Grisly Business. They conclude that any profile should be accompanied by practical advice on how best to proceed with a particular investigation. Here his many publications and presentations are made available as well as his musical compositions, photographs and poems. Serial killers are sometimes said to be charming, plausible and intelligent. However, the victim, still traumatised from the assault, failed to pick him out.Mulcahy was also questioned but eventually released. Canter, D.V. They operate more by daytime, engage victims in conversation and lure them with cunning ploys. In the meantime, police continued to interview each of the nearly 5000 men who had been added to the Operation Hart database, requesting a blood sample at the time of each interview. The self-styled Mardi Gra Bomber targeted Barclays Banks around London in the 1990s in an attempt at extortion. Contact Offender Profiling Professor Canter and his team have developed a structured protocol for providing investigative support (from suspect identification and crime linking to evidence/authorship assessment) in relation to crimes of all types, both standalone and serial offences. How do the real Crackers operate and how successful are they? Today, it gives clues as to the likely place in which a serial criminal lives, with computer generated hotspots (e.g., David Canters Dragnet). However, details such as his choice of victim, the times and places at which the murders occurred and the mode of killing may have helped. The first theme is how the offender deals with the victim. Gresham College is a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity no. At this time, a new concept in criminal investigations was being introduced, referred to by Dr. Canter as Psychological Offender Profiling (also known as criminal profiling). The overall aim is to look for patterns and to compare them to what is known about certain crimes and criminals. Levin & Fox, J.A. Most victims were teenage girls attacked while waiting for their train to arrive. Ultimately, they may need to get caught in order to take the credit. "American Justice" John Duffy: Railway Killer (TV Episode 1999 - IMDb Some killers claim to be mission-oriented (e.g., ridding the world of undesirables such as prostitutes); these may be psychotic or rationalising behaviour they enjoy. A celebrated case in which offender profiling was helpful to police was that of the Railway Rapist. Knowledge of railways. Other less concrete indicators might be ignored, such as the choice of victim, what was said or not said, the location and the nature of the assault. She was then strangled with a piece of string.This was the first time the victim had been killed. 5. Traditional policing Analysis of physical evidence such as DNA, fingerprints, bloodstains, shoe prints etc. They operate at night, depersonalise the victim and leave a chaotic crime scene. 10 Platonic Serial Killer Duos Who Killed Together - Ranker . & Youngs, D. (2009) Investigative Psychology: Offender Profiling and the Analysis of Criminal Action. DNA-tests, which were not yet in use during the original investigation, finally proved his involvement conclusively. How an ex-FBI profiler helped put an innocent man behind bars John Duffy Railway Rapist Free Essay Example - PaperAp.com murders in London over previous . The teenagers body was set on fire after she was raped and strangled, likely to try to eradicate any physical evidence that could identify the attacker. Outline how offender profiling techniques were used to solve the case He chose not to reveal any more information about his partner-in-crime until nearly 15 years later, in 1997, when he implicated Mulcahy. Attacks on women (aged 15 - 32) Profiling: Analysis of 24 sexual assaults and two. Light Hair, about 59, right-handed. Profiling does at least allow the police to better focus their investigations. Based on percentages of the population, no particular race is under-represented (Morton, 2011). Whereas Cracker brings to bear uncanny intuition into what is going on in the mind of the killer and uses artful interrogation techniques to extract confessions from suspects, modern profilers use cold logic and look to what research experience tells about a crime scene and the likely perpetrator. (2005) Mapping Murder. According to the tabloids, he kept news-clippings about Jill Dando but the truth was he had a stack of old newspapers, some of which referred to her (the articles had not been clipped out or highlighted in any way). John Duffy, born 1959, was a brutal rapist and killer who attacked lone women at railway stations throughout south east England and London. Sexual Activity: The variety of his sexual actions suggest considerable sexual experience. & Birnes, W.L. murders / rapes, not motivational ones e.g. The motives of serial killers are frequently sexual and sadistic, and may include revenge, impotence and hatred for women. Sign in to rate and Watchlist for personalized recommendations. He did not confess to the murders, so Britton advised a line of questioning based on Bostock's fantasies, which proved fruitful. One of the best-known failures in America was the case of Albert DeSalvo (known as the 'Boston Strangler'). DNA profiling is proper evidence on which to base a conviction; psychological profiling is not. From Canters profile, law enforcement officials determined that Duffy did not commit all of the crimes. Duffy went on trial in February 1988 and was convicted of two murders and four rapes, although he was acquitted of raping and killing Anne Locke. Studying the cases over four years they placed the cases on a map and overlaid year on an acetate film to reveal distinctive patterns in the locations and types of his crimes. Duffy later revealed to a psychologist that he had not been working alone when he committed his heinous crimes. He had an accomplice, David Mulcahy- his school friend who helped him with some crimes and the profile did not include this Some accurate predictions from the profile - Lived in london - Was a small man - Physically unattractive Heinemann, London. It was said that he stalked women, was obsessed with celebrity and played with guns. Edgar Pearce (aged 61) was eventually caught being driven by his brother and he indeed lived in Chiswick. For example, murderers who kill a stranger without any interaction are likely to live a solitary life (Canter, 1989). The case fell apart. Interestingly, Canter relied on his background in environmental psychology to develop concepts such as the cognitive map, which would prove useful in understanding offender behaviour. 'Indeed the research suggests that, at this stage of the development of profiling in Britain, approaches to profiling are idiosyncratic' (Copson, 1995). 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The new science of geographical profiling is described and how it has helped to crack certain famous cases. This offender profiling was found to be accurate as Duffy lived in Kilburn, was married, infertile and separated from his wife, was 5'4" and had acne. . Who are The Railway Killers John Duffy and David Mulcahy? Module 5 - Criminal Profiling: Historical Crime Case Study: The Railway They are impulsive; using whatever weapon is to hand and make no attempt to hide the body. He produced a list of seventeen personality and characteristic traits including environmental clues that the offender might display. David Canter took up the case of the 'Railway Rapist' in 1986, to help search for a serial rapist, who had also committed 2 murders. He was probably arrested sometime between 24th October 1982 and January 1984 and this attack may have had nothing to do with rape, but will have been aggressive and under the influence of drink or drugs. When the psychological profile created by Dr. Canter was cross-referenced with the police database of all possible suspects, the computer generated a match for John Duffy. Pinizzotto and Finkel concluded that the success of the profilers was the result of both confidence and experience rather than the use of an exclusive technique. This seems strange unless one supposes they are gerontophilic, or resorts to a psychoanalytic interpretation such as revenge on the mother. An analysis of the pattern of behaviour observed over a number of crimes committed by a serial offender will give clues about the non-offending everyday behaviour of the criminal. The lesson is that while psychological profiling may reduce the size of the haystack in which the needle is sought (the Yorkshire Ripper enquiry had to process 268,000 named suspects) it should not be taken as evidence in itself. Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) argue that profiling is most effective in serial sexual offences because of the extensive research base, and least effective for fraud, burglary, robbery, theft and drug-induced crimes. Latest answer posted October 17, 2018 at 8:31:20 AM. Burn, G. (1984) Somebodys Husband, Somebodys Son. In the John Duffy case, a minimal amount of dominance was used because weaker victims were selected. Peter Sutcliffe was a devout Catholic who claimed to be inspired by the voice of God. Visiting Professor at Liverpool Hope University. Homant and Kennedy (1998) see crime-scene profiling as including psychological profiling of offenders, geographical profiling (the area of the crime and where the offender may live) and, in the case of murder, 'equivocal death analysis' (how the murder was committed, and a 'psychological autopsy of the victim). Police Practice and Research, 8, 347-357. How can sports support nation-building in a country? Academic Press, New York. 1958) and David Mulcahy (b. Mapping Murder : The Secrets of Geographical Profiling - Google Books Offender Profiling | Prof. Canter Offender Profile Work Probably lives with woman. Sadistic Killers | Psychology Today 1975 & 1986. This can be important for as Canter (1994) has noted the alternative is that the police will simply throw more and more resources at a crime in the hope that 'something will turn up'. He then created a profile based on witness statements, crime scene reports, and geographical information. 1/18 Created by raboud Terms in this set (18) Offender profiling Process used by police to help narrow down the number of suspects based on the characteristics of the crime. Acknowledgement: Thanks are due to Professor David Canter for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this talk and his permission to use his Radex diagram. The interaction between the offender and the victim is thus studied closely and categorised. John Duffy was a violent rapist who embarked upon a four-year crime spree in 1982, attacking lone women near railway stations throughout various neighbourhoods in London, England. Gresham provides outstanding educational talks and videos for the public free of charge. An alternative approach is that of Canter (2011) who notes that comparisons in the form of people who bought this also bought . may be applied in the field of crime. They are usually men of around 20-40 years old. Profiling John Duffy, the convicted British murderer and rapist, who earned the nickname of "Railway Killer" because he used the train to escape from the scene of the crimes. Outline how offender profiling Outline how offender profiling techniques were used to solve the case of Ted Bundy. It was to be two years before Duffy would speak out and admit that he carried out the attacks with an accomplice. Although Wright was a typical serial killer, many dont conform to the template. The British Approach was developed independently of the police authorities from the separate work of David Canter and Paul Britton. Eighteen more attacks occurred, mainly at night, near various railway stations in the London area. Mad, bad or sad? Canter predicted that the rapist would be partially or skilled in his job. Offender profiling: a review of the literature | Emerald Insight A former FBI profiler helped convict a security guard in a Los Angeles murder case and made a true-crime TV show about the case. The pattern of his attacks seemed to be in the vicinity of underground stations on lines running north-west from Chiswick (e.g., Ealing, Ruislip), so it was supposed that he used the tube and lived near Chiswick. Offender Profiling In Psychology [Criminal Profiling] They asked the participants to examine two closed police cases (a sex offence and a murder) and to draw up profiles. Our historic venue in the heart of London offers a unique, versatile space, suitable for a range of events. While stalking a woman in a park on 7 November 1986, he was discovered and arrested. Unfortunately Duffy was far down the list of suspects. This was the first time such a contribution was made to a police investigation by a Professor of Psychology anywhere. Canter and Youngs (2009) produced a Smallest Space Analysis of the actions of serial killers based on their co-occurrence. eNotes Editorial, 5 Apr. Validity, Canter did not predict that there would be an accomplice. D. (2007) Improving geographic profiling through commuter/marauder prediction. Accessed 28 June 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions.
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