religious crisis in nigeria: causes and solutions

Such families had connections to their churches going back to the 19th century and were generally not attracted to the breakaway churches[citation needed]. During the middle ages, there was a holy war between the Christians in Europe, particularly England and Italy, and the Turks in present-day Turkey, who were predominantly Moslems. [27] In a 2019 report released by Pew Research Center in 2015, the Muslim population was estimated to be 50% while the Christian population was estimated to be 48.1%. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Before the British colonization (1884), there were no inter-religious conflicts, Nigeria in its present borders did not exist as a single nation and the Muslim populations of northern Nigeria lived peacefully in mutual tolerance with the local animist and even Christian minorities. Ona of Abaji, Alhaji Adamu Yunusa, Chair of Abuja FCT Council of Chiefs, The National Christian Centre hosted by Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor, President of the Christian Association of Nigeria. People should realise that theres something called religious tolerance. Among its objectives are: promoting awareness of Islam and Islamic thought, rectifying unsound ideas and misconceptions about Islam and highlighting Islamic intellectual contribution and its impact on human civilization. Bac Obiefuna. (PDF) Religious Crises in Nigeria: Manifestation, Effect - ResearchGate We are a delegation of Muslims and Christians from a number of countries around the world, with senior roles in our respective religious communities. f. WCC and RABIIT mayif funds and interested and suitable partners are foundalso help to raise international awareness on the Nigeria issue, by organising a conference or by including the topic in major international conferences or forums on religious discourse. Dr. Mustafa Ali, Secretary-General, African Council for Religious Leaders. [70], The history of Christianity in Nigeria can be traced back to the 15th century, when the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive on the shores of the region via the Atlantic. 4 0 obj Internal Security Crisis in Nigeria: Causes, Types, Effects and Solutions $BVLZJ:prw^\VkEz}u}A'>.B&~assX7=_ a* u~w,"+ vzG;aw{IvX9~YP:y%pm _uo!-~8 Mu(N LNac"@npy]C4NHsEDln6pZ-P_'v^Dtk0-V5R3,Z4J|Y?qq[|O3%=>8!NC]Q~\+f'jjf1}PpLOI K{e[C(WK U@GG?`3/ xihA1` ;1I1%65DgL=o>_29`:$4j6.#T\Y[5JA#JOq{9^w@mwRXdL w:lnypU)HxcP;2A#gB"}wGUwIm(v3gwy9[>}64 Pq6'%K,il10 H'! yL6!vX #/(w.3~z Q9zr&]gK Qj"vYo jfD endobj [50][51] Ibrahim Zakzaky introduced many Nigerians to Shia Islam. [64][65], The rise of these radical movements has been attributed partly to the poor socio economic infrastructures and poor governance in Nigeria. The WCC and RABIIT will not, as international fact-finding reports often do, presume to advise the Nigerian people or Government institutes how to resolve their own problemsit suffices to identify them from a neutral, external perspectivebecause obviously Nigerians know best how to deal with them. <> H.H. is a first-class infotainment platform for the new generation of web & social media users in Nigeria, Africa & diaspora. [76][27] The majority of Nigerias approximately 70 million Christians are either Catholic (at least 18.9 million) or Anglican (18 million), but a diverse group of Protestant churches also claim significant members, including Baptists (the Nigerian Baptist Convention claims 6 million worshipping members), Presbyterians, Assemblies of God, Methodists, the Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ, and what are known as the Aladura churches (Pentecostal and Spiritualist independent churches which emerged out of the Anglican Church during colonialism). Their name means "a mere man said it" referring to the narrators of the sayings of Muhammad. Tags: Religious Crisis In Nigeria Solutions and Causes of Religious Crisis In Nigeria. [116] After World War I, smaller denominations such as the Church of the Brethren (as Ekklesiyar Yan'uwa a Nigeria), Seventh-day Adventists and others worked in interstitial areas, trying not to compete. Karl Marx says, religion is the opium of the people. Religion was designed to give hope to the masses, especially the weak and oppressed, who hope they will get their just reward after their sojourn on earth. The division between indigenes and settlers is also among the major causes of religious conflicts in Nigeria: Indigenes of a particular place prefer settlers that are of the same religion to settlers of a different religion. It publishes analyses of contemporary and historical religious groups involved in violent incidents, as well as original work on sacrifice, terrorism, inter- and intra-religious violence, mass suicide, war and religion, and religiously-legitimated violence against women. Among these was the Aladura (prayer) movement that was spreading rapidly throughout Yoruba land and into the non-Muslim middle belt areas. Christianity in Yoruba area traditionally has been Protestant and Anglican, currently Protestant Pentecostal/evangelicals, whereas Igboland has always been the area of greatest activity by the Roman Catholic Church with current infusions of Protestantism. [19][20], Nigeria is officially a secular state with no official state religion. [28] This could help raise the profile for the need for assistance from all quarters, before the problem explodes even further. In addition, a number of Nigerian Christians and Muslim religious leaders graciously accompanied the delegation during at least some of its work. The majority of Nigeria's population of about 182 million follows either Islam or Christianity. The Cherubim and Seraphim Church et cetera. echoed a theme consonant with my first encyclical: the unbreakable bond between love of God and love of neighbour, and the fundamental contradiction of resorting to violence or exclusion in the name of God (cf. All girls were eventually released except Leah Sharibu, who reportedly refused to denounce her Christian faith. There was already religious tension between the Christian Igbos and indigenous Moslems in the North. US environmentalists call in the G.O.A.T.s, Slow post-Covid recovery for Cuban tourism, At Toronto tech show, second thoughts emerge over AI, Brandon Flynns biography: age, height, sexuality, relationships. endobj The Christians and the Muslims adherents have fought wars in Nigeria than they had actually sought, for peace, thereby threatening peaceful co-existence, national security, and economic development in the country. By the 1980s, African music and even dancing were being introduced quietly into western oriented church services, albeit altered to fit into rituals of Euro-American origin. [98] Cardinal Francis Arinze is a Catholic cardinal from Nigeria. [115], Apart from Benin and Warri, which had come in contact with Christianity through the Portuguese as early as the 15th century, most missionaries arrived by sea in the 19th century. PDF A Case Study on The Causes of Ethnic Conflict Within Nigeria The associating of adherents of the Grail Message creates the foundation and the outer setting for the holding of hours for the joint worship of God (Hours of Worship) and Grail Festivals. They are taught doctrines that are based on violence and murder all in the name of religion. Perhaps the biggest problem of all (in Plateau State at least): legal tensions between the rights of indigenes and those of settlers. ,-A58! |q@Aib/ltwE:6/AFesgmv|qYuC==6h>$kZxb$qy;!SK{xiWm7|9\! v1"))nJ/\ _ aM-w:o>Q#4L Appendix: Joint Press Release Issued at a Press Conference in Abuja on the Evening of 25th May, 2012 p.14. Most such facilities remained in 1990, although in many cases schools had been taken over by the local state government in order to standardize curricula and indigenize the teaching staff. A Diary of Ethno-Religious Crises in Nigeria: Causes, Effects and Solutions In recent times, there has been break out of religious crises in the ancient city of Kano with scores of Christians dead and their properties destroyed. Victims are both Muslims and Christians. The following were participants in the delegation: Christian participants (organised by the World Council of Churches), 1. It was established in response to the interest in religion and violence that emerged after tragic events in recent decades. [60] Ahmadiyyas have also established a weekly newspaper called "The Truth" which is the first Muslim newspaper in the country. Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, Chairman of the Board of the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought; also: Chief Advisor to H.M. King Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein for Religious and Cultural Affairs, and Personal Envoy of H.M. King Abdullah II (Muslim Co-ordinator), 2. Conclusion: The Potential Contribution of the WCC and RABIIT to Nigeria, as a Result of this Visit p.13, 6. The outline programme of the visit was as follows: Arrivals and discussion over opening dinner. WCC and RABIIT also plan, God willing, to try to ensure that these texts make their way into Nigerian school and university religious curricula. 3 0 obj PDF Ethno-Religious Crisis as a Threat to the.Michael B Aleyomi Most of these pitted Muslims against Christians and, in some cases, the conflicts were . And while we were grappling with this, we had the issue of kidnappings for ransom, which is becoming more widespread. Federal Research Division. Notable among the new springs of 1930 were such Protestant Pentecostals as the Christ Apostolic Churchan offshoot of US-based Faith Tabernacle which swept through the Western Region and complemented by the likes of the Celestial Church and the Cherubim and Seraphim Church which were indigenous autonomous springs. There were also breakaway, or Africanized churches, that blended traditional Christian symbols with indigenous symbols. For the WCC, the delegation was a visible expression of the prayer it has dedicated itself to in the approach to its 2013 Assembly, God of life, lead us to justice and peace. In the event that it seems most of the settlers are practicing a different religion from that of the settlers, there is usually a conflict between the two religious factions. Boko Haram conducts terrorist attacks on religious and political groups as well as civilians. [109] In northern urban centers, however, about 95% of the population is Muslim. Loving the Good and the neighbour is, after all, the essence of good will as such. SZnd"k[6oXa"jQ+{6lZZhWWD;t^\D?Z/.Q5j;p}XZKo$jvmFK1xmZ]l PDF Ethno-Religious Crisis in Nigeria: Causes and Remedy from Islamic e. WCC and RABIIT will, God willing, stand ready for other projects, within their capacities, that Nigeria may need or request in the future. x=?Lf03 $:`B+q|$ONg=|pl'O? Struggle for resources:With the same divide and rule strategy, the elite political class encourages religious crises to have the lions share of the nations natural resources. Regrettably, crime is in its highest peak now in Nigeria. Although it has been stressed that religion has the ability to bind people from different social backgrounds into a single moral community, the assertion came with a warning that, if not carefully handled, religion can equally disintegrate a society . However, the region has been bedevilled by insecurity where a faction of the Fulani herdsmen known as bandits have adopted similar terror strategies to Boko Haram, which include targeting Christian leaders, communities, and churches, as well as expelling Christian farmers from their land. An example is the frequent Jos crisis between Christians and Muslims. [81], From the 1990s to the 2000s, there was significant growth in Protestant churches, including the Redeemed Christian Church of God,[82] Living Faith Church[83] (Winners' Chapel), Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) (the first Aladura Movement in Nigeria),[84] Deeper Christian Life Ministry,[85] Evangelical Church Winning All,[86] Mountain of Fire and Miracles,[87] Christ Embassy,[88] Common Wealth of Zion Assembly,[89] Aladura Church[90] (indigenous Christian churches being especially strong in the Yoruba and Igbo areas), and of evangelical churches in general. Between 2001 and 2002, Nigeria witnessed some of its deadliest religious conflicts in history. Also the Watchman Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement [91] was formed during this period with branches all over Nigeria. His Royal Eminence the Sultan of Sokoto, Leader of the Muslims in Nigeria, graciously met with and spoke to both delegations over dinner in Abuja. There is a need to distinguish between genuine religious conflicts and conflicts that are essentially socio-economic or about competition for political power which become religionised. The evolution of the terrorist organisation, Boko Haram, can be traced back to intra-Muslim conflicts and anti-Sufi movements. The Pew Forum in a 2010 report compared reports from several sources. This can be due to an increase in the population of the other religious group. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Country Studies. Moreover, some settlers have been officially documented in that state for over one hundred years (such as the Hausa in Plateau State)well before Nigerias independence in 1960and yet are still defined by the older, majority indigenes (which usually dominate leadership and control of local governments in the states) as settlers, in order to monopolize the benefits of the state. Statistics shows that most of the ethno-religious crises in Nigeria occurred in the Northern part of the country such as the recent Boko Haram and the perennial herdsmen/farmers crisis in. In addition, two student groups in Nigeria came into contestation, the Fellowship of Christian Students and the Muslim Student Society. [61], The Kala Kato are a Nigerian group of Quranists. But it reflects no less the underdevelopment and poverty of the Northeast and the impact of corruption on the perception of state and national government. Denominations like the Seventh-day Adventist also exist. It hosts a large collection of electronic resources, and provides membership and authenticated online access services for professional organizations in several countries. This page was processed by aws-apollo-l1 in 0.068 seconds, Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely. African churches were founded by small groups breaking off from the European denominations, especially in Yorubaland, where such independence movements started as early as the early 19th centuryinfluenced by American and British missionaries in early 1900s and stimulated by the great revival of the 1930s. PDF Ethno - Religious Crisis and Nigerian Democracy - IJISET Religious conflicts in Nigeria are prevalent, owing to a number of reasons. And while grappling with this we have the old conflict with the Fulani herders. PDF Religious Conflicts and Education in Nigeria: Implications for National With this continental background in mind, this research paper seeks to examine the relationship between religion, ethnicity and conflict in Nigeria, focusing mainly on issues in the North of the country. 3. The Kalo Kato rely entirely on the Quran and they are found among mostly lower-class communities across northern Nigeria.[15]. Proffering Solutions. Most Revd Dr. John O. Onaiyekan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Abuja, Co-Chair African Council of Religious Leaders, 2. Revd Dr. Olav Fykse Tveit, General Secretary of the World Council of Churches (Christian Co-ordinator), 2. However, identifying, separating and resolving the smaller problems can lead to the resolution of the larger problems. Youths are made suicide bombers after being enticed with money for their families and assured of a heavenly reward. Report of the International Joint Delegation of the World Council of Churches and the Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, Report of the International Joint Delegation of, The World Council of Churches and The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, May 2012, 4. Prince Judge Bola Ajibola; Founder and Chairman, Crescent University, 3. Ogunbiyi. Religious motivated conflicts have become widespread in Nigeria, a nation considered by many to be one of the most religious nations of the world. All rights reserved. The resolution itself reads as follows (see: www.worldinterfaithharmonyweek. It became the leading Muslim-Christian interfaith dialogue initiative in history (see: www.acommonword.com).2. 5. The actions and influence of Boko Haram and Takfiris, and the ideological influences upon the genesis of Boko Haram. Judge Prince Bola Ajibola, Inadequate depth of understanding of both Christianity and Islam within and without these two religions, Lack of knowledge and information on a popular level, particularly in local languages, of the scriptural-based condemnations of violence and terrorism in both Christianity and Islam, Statements and actions of a number of religious leaders, both Muslim and Christian, which could be understood as condoning or encouraging violence, Tensions arising from well-funded and organised foreign Christian missionary activity, and well-funded and organised foreign Muslim missionary activity. Religious and Political Crises in Nigeria: A Historical Exploration By. Nevertheless, they sub-divided these into five areas: Religious, Political, Economic, Social / Ethnic and Legal, stressing that the primary area of expertise of the delegation was religious. PDF University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Name: Ikyernum Sachia - Overblog the Emir of Kano; the local representatives of the Christian Association of Nigeria and Jama'atu Nasr Al-Islam; Muslim and Christian victims who had been affected by the violence. [18] The middle belt of Nigeria contains the most of the minority ethnic groups in Nigeria and they are mostly Christians and Christian converts, as well as members of traditional religions with few Muslim converts. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly informed of the implementation of the present resolution.3. In what follows, this section explores these concepts, underscoring the relationships between them. When . Professor Dr. Abdul Ghaffur El-Busaidy, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims, 6. [58] There are numerous Ahmadiyya centres in Nigeria including the Baitur-Raheem Mosque in Ibadan inaugurated in 2008,[59] the Mubarak Mosque in Abuja, which is the last Ahmadiyya mosque, built in the first century of the Ahmadiyya Caliphate. Archdeacon T. A. J. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.68] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> hG i[qmwUgK,je[[u'@,iEO_},@ F32FDBnwKn,IO{@L@*H`8huR4ThWw%{w! Visit to Jos / Plateau State. :E( 2 Religious conflicts in Nigeria 2.1 Igbo massacre of 1966 2.2 Maitatsine and the 1980s 2.3 Reinhard Bonnke Crusade 2.4 2001-2002 riots 2.5 Boko Haram 2.6 Farmers-Herdsmen conflict 3 Causes of religious conflict 4 Solutions to religious conflict What is religious conflict? All religions should always preach about the sanctity of life. Also, Government Girls Science and Technical College schoolgirls were abducted in 2018. . It hopes to quell religious feuds among Nigerians. 2016. Pope Benedict XVIs Regensburg address in September 2006. Estimates suggest 80-85 million Nigerians identify as Muslim (roughly 50% of the total population), of which the majority are probably Sunni (60 million), though this is not a unified identity and includes a wide variety of different viewpoints. [3], According to a 2018 estimate in The World Factbook by the CIA, the population is estimated to be 53.5% Muslim, 45.9% Christian (10.6% Roman Catholic and 35.3% protestant and other Christian), and 0.6% as other. It can be argued that the actual intent behind their voyage was more in the interest of slave business than it was for missionary goals and objectives. H.E. 3. It is such a huge issue that has affected almost every area of life in the country and deprives us of growth. Causes of religious crisis. Ethno Religious Crisis in Nigeria: Causes They acknowledged that these in no way constitute all the exacerbating factors. Pope Benedict XVI, May 9th 2009, at the King Hussein Mosque in Amman, Jordan. The actions and influence of gangs of Muslim youths carrying out organised killings of innocent Christians. Religious conflict is a popular menace that has resulted in millions of dead or displaced persons. Archbishop and Primate Dr. Rufus Okikiolaolu Olubiyi Ositelu; The Church of the Lord (Aladura). The gunmen who killed 50 people at a . The visit was proposed in reaction to the numerous incidents of fierce inter-communal strife which have affected the lives of Nigerians during 2000-2012, and the awareness thatat least since the Bosnian war of 1993-1995Nigeria is the country in the world where the most severe inter-communal violence between Christians and Muslims has been experienced. [36][37] In Nigeria, the most prominent existing Sufi orders are the Tijaniyya and Qadiriyya,[38] and a 2012 Pew Research Center survey showed 37% of Nigerians identify with Sufi orders (19% identified specifically as Tijaniyya and 9% as Qadiriyya). [128], Altogether including Nigerians of Indian origin and NRIs there are 250,000 Hindus in Nigeria. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! H.E. The establishment of the joint Christian/Muslim delegation in response to situations of violence involving both religious groups emerged initially from the A Common Word global Muslim-Christian Initiative of October 2007 and then from a proposal made in November 2010 when a group of some 60 Christian and Muslim leaders met in Geneva, Switzerland at the WCC Headquarters and forged an agreement to work more cooperatively in situations of conflict. The British wanted to procure certain products, such as oil and palm nuts, and to introduce cotton cultivation, and they built railroads through the country with local labor starting in 1893. The issue has permeated the nations political land scape since the colonial period and up till the present time, there seems to be no solution in sight to the accompanying conflicts of ethnic rivalry and religious intolerance. Others are rooted clearly in socio-economic %PDF-1.5 Nonye is currently a content writer at Blackdot Media and founder of litafrik.com. Request Permissions, Published By: Philosophy Documentation Center. 2 0 obj One will probably ask the question How to stop religious crisis in Nigeria? Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria: A [30] The 2008 MEASURE Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) found 53% Muslim, 45% Christian, and 2% other; the 2008 Afrobarometer poll found 49% Christian, 50% Muslim, and 1% other; Pew's own survey found 52% Muslim, 46% Christian, and 1% other. [9] Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims,[10] who live mostly in the north, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority. Religious conflict in Nigeria: Causes and solutions - Skabash During the brief visit to Nigeria the Joint Delegation managed to meet with remarkable religious leaders working and participating for many years in such efforts. the Sultan of Sokoto and his staff, without which our work here would not have been possible., Ecumenical Centre The dominant ethnic groups in Nigeria threaten each other from time to time; violent clashes between ethnic groups and religious groups in Nigeria are no longer uncommon. this will prevent crisis and unwanted religious violence in Nigeria. @h _C&x{w ^Wz?l5sp]rV7d|0l{[?,nHh"o 2zQW7b N((o|PuBySDq ?6$E 1 What is religious conflict? ", "TRUE Africa - How social media is helping atheists survive in one of the most religious places on earth", "Muslim Publics Divided on Hamas and Hezbollah", "Laws Penalizing Blasphemy, Apostasy and Defamation of Religion are Widespread | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project", https://humanists.international/2017/12/humanist-association-nigeria-achieves-formal-recognition-17-year-campaign/, "Nigeria's undercover atheists: In their words", "The Government has failed us in Nigeria, and the West is complicit", "Nigeria is number 7 on the World Watch List (Retrieved 2023-04-27)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Nigeria&oldid=1161750216, Articles with dead external links from March 2023, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. Conclusion: The Potential Contribution of the WCC and RABIIT to Nigeria, as a Result of this Visit p.13. [129] The movement was pioneered by the Yoruba people in south-west Nigeria, as it is common to find (within one family) Christians and Muslims living happily together and celebrating each other's religious festivals. Historically, these two major religions have coexisted The majority of Nigeria's population of about 182 million follows either Islam or Christianity. We hope by our visit to demonstrate an international model of Muslims and Christians working together in inter-religious engagement aimed at fostering peace and harmony between people of different religions. [135] As in many parts of Africa, there is a great amount of stigma attached to being an atheist. Princeton Law and Public Affairs Working Paper, 14 Pages The objectives of this study are to explain the root causes of ethnic conflicts that lead to ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria and to evaluate the magnitude of human and material resources destroyed as a result of such conflicts. [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143], A 2010 poll by Pew Research Center showed that 51% of Nigerian Muslims agree with the death penalty for leaving Islam. Paradoxically, however, it has also served as a motivation for violence, hence its indication in some literature as a 'double-edged sword' (Maregere 2011:17-23; Obasi 2009). The clash between both groups led to the death of 12 people, and several mosques and a church were destroyed. [146] This was followed by recognition of the Atheist Society of Nigeria, the Northern Nigerian Humanist Association and the Nigerian Secular Society.[147]. The Philosophy Documentation Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing affordable and sustainable access to scholarly materials in philosophy, applied ethics, religious studies, classics, and related disciplines. Ineffective co-operation within NIREC (Nigerian Inter-religious Council) relative to two years ago, Rampant corruption at every level among politicians. We have come on this working visit to Nigeria, under the auspices of the Jordanian Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute and the World Council of Churches, to express to the people of Nigeria, and to their religious and political leadership, the concerns and anxieties of the international community about the current situation in this country.
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