gender pay gap eurostat pdfgender pay gap eurostat pdf

opacity:0.8; Back display: inline-block!important; A negative gender pay gap means that, on average, women's gross hourly earnings are higher than those of men. This page was last edited on 17 May 2023, at 15:55. They are: The far largest part of the gender pay gap remains unexplained in the EU and cannot be linked to worker or workplace characteristics such as education, occupation, working time or economic activity the person works for. This information comes from data released by Eurostat recently. As in previous years, this was considerably higher than the EU27 average (13%). It is seen as a marker of the participation of. Across Member States, the gender overall earnings gap varied significantly, from 20.4% in Lithuania and Portugal to 44.2% in Austria (see Figure5). } Women in the EU earned on average 13% less per hour than men in 2020. padding-bottom: 0px; overflow:visible!important; We also studied how the Gender Pay Gap adjustment affects the ranking of EU countries. Why do women earn less? Source dataset: sdg_05_20. However, this indicator measures a concept broader than mere discrimination in the sense of "equal pay for work of equal value". The Global Gender Gap Index annually benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment). padding: 0 0 0.25em 1em!important; Reducing the gender pay gap is one of the key priorities of gender policies at both EU and national levels. } if ($(this).parents('li.parent').find("ul").is(':visible')) { $(".sidebar-first .parent.menu-item--active-trail ul").addClass("hide-menu"); PDF The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations - NBER According to Eurostat in 2016, across the EU women's gross hourly earnings were 16.2% below those of men, Among the countries with the largest gender gap in absolute terms (8pp or higher), life expectancy for the total population was 73.1 years in Latvia, 74.2 years in Lithuania, 75.6 years in Poland and 76.9 years in Estonia, much lower than the EU average of (80.1 years in 2021). } The gender pay gap varied in the private sector from 8.1% in Belgium to 22.1% in Germany, and in the public sector from -0.6% in Poland to 17.2% in Hungary. Statistisches Bundesamt In 1995, the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing adopted the Declaration and Platform for Action. In unadjusted form, it measures the differences between the average earnings of men versus women. Highly feminised jobs tend to be systematically undervalued. } } Data from November 2021 (part "Possible causes of the unadjusted gender pay gap") and March 2023 (rest of the article). #slick-views-homepages-field-blocks-block-2-1 .slick-list{background:white!important} } } A lower gender pay gap can occur in countries with a lower employment rate of women where mostly women with higher earning potential (e.g. $(".sidebar-first a.is-active").parents().addClass("show-menu"); const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(queryString); The Global Gender Gap Index annually benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment). Across Member States, employees' average gross hourly earnings in 2018, expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), varied from 6.4 PPS in Bulgaria to 20.9 PPS in Denmark. Eurostat developed a methodology to decompose the gender pay gap into the part, which is caused by different characteristics of male and female employees, and the other component that stems from differences in financial returns for the same characteristics. font-family: "Sosa"; content: ""; Theme: Population and social conditions. the Scientific Use File and from less anonymized data available at the Eurostat Safe Centre. margin-left:16px!important; We will investigate the issue. $('.typo3content').html("

1. UNECE
2. Sustainable Energy
3. Natural Gas"); Firstly, the gender policy context and the unadjusted gender pay gap indicator are introduced. width: 100%; In particular, ten EU Member States registered negative gender pay gaps in the water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (NACE Rev. //-->
4. UNECE
5. SPECA"); This indicator is calculated for enterprises with 10 or more employees. $('#docstable').siblings().eq(0).show(); font-family: "Sosa"; 2, Summaries of EU Legislation: Statistics on earnings and labour costs, European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics&oldid=603165. . Among the countries with the largest gender employment gaps, above or equal to 15pp, the employment rate was below the EU average in Greece (62.6%), Italy (62.7%) and Romania (67.1%), whereas it was higher in Malta (79.1%) and Czechia (80.0%). The gender pay gap ranges from less than 5% in Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia, Italy and Poland to more than 18% in Germany, Austria, Estonia and Latvia. [[File:Gender pay gap statistics 06-03-2023v2.xlsx]], Gender pay gap levels vary significantly across EU, Gender pay gap much lower for young employees, Highest gender pay gap in financial and insurance activities, Gender pay gap higher in the private sector, Possible causes of the unadjusted gender pay gap. } Theme: Population and social conditions. The gender pay gap varies significantly across Member States. With this decomposition, we could better identify the drivers of the gap, which would help policy makers addressing the reasons behind gender differences in pay. Gender pay gap in the EU down to 13.0%. The gender wage gap is defined as the difference between median earnings of men and women relative to median earnings of men. PDF Item 3 Adjusted gender pay gap - circabc.europa.eu margin-left: 0px; Age . endstream endobj 649 0 obj<> endobj 650 0 obj<> endobj 651 0 obj<>stream text-decoration:none; The unadjusted gender pay gap (GPG), which is calculated as the relative difference between the average earnings of women and men, is widely used as the key indicator to monitor progress in this area. Besides decomposing the Gender Pay Gap, Eurostat has developed a synthetic indicator that broadens the analysis to the whole population of men and women of working age. Gender pay gap in the EU down to 13.0% - Products Eurostat News width: 55px; } Embed this interactive Copy. 2 aggregate B to N). Thank you for the information. list-style-type: disc; display:block; The gender pay gap in the EU stands at 16 % and has barely changed in the last decade. $('.typo3content').html("
   1. UNECE
   2. UN Road Safety Fund"); $(this).next().removeClass("show-menu"); font-size: 23px; The Commission communication that outlines this strategy calls for an increased participation of women in the labour market and equal participation across different sectors of the economy and working-time patterns. Women's median weekly earnings for full-time work were $891 in 2020 compared with $1,082 for men. Eurostat computed the gender pay gap for these years on this basis. The unadjusted gender pay gap varied among the EU Member States, with the highest differences observed in Latvia (22.3%), Estonia (21.1%), Austria (18.9%) and Germany (18.3%). Within the business economy as a whole, the lowest gender pay gap was recorded in Sweden (8.6%) and the highest in Estonia (22.3%).
   3. UNECE
   4. Trade
   5. Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies (WP.6)"); Please do not include any personal information, A decomposition of the unadjusted gender pay gap using Structure of Earnings Survey data, Quality: ESS standards, guidelines, monitoring, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), Publications Office of the European Union. This indicator does not offer any information on the difference in earnings between female and male persons with equivalent qualifications employed in the same occupation and carrying out comparable tasks. padding: 15px; PDF The Weekly Gender Wage Gap by Race and Ethnicity: 2020 Eurostat, Gender pay gap in Central and Eastern European countries in 2020 (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings . The purpose of this document is to inform the DSS Board about Eurostat's proposal to adjust the gender pay gap using the Structure of Earnings Survey data. If you do not wish to provide more detailed feedback, please just click on the Submit button to send your response. Figure 2: Employment rate and gender employment gap, 2021 Source: Eurostat (lfsi_emp_a); see Country codes $(".sidebar-first .parent span").click(function() { $(window).on('load',function(){ Four world conferences on women convened by the United Nations between 1975 and 1995 have been crucial in putting the cause of gender equality at the very centre of the global agenda. These areas are as follows: women and poverty, education and training of women, women and health, violence against women, women and armed conflict, women and the economy, women in power and decision-making, institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women, human rights of women, women and the media, women and the environment and the girl-child. The glass ceiling: The position in the hierarchy influences the level of pay: less than 8% of top companies CEOs are women. Gender pay gaps in the European Union a statistical analysis 2021 Please do not include any personal information, Gender pay gaps in the European Union a statistical analysis Revision 1, 2021 edition, Quality: ESS standards, guidelines, monitoring, Gender pay gaps in the European Union a statistical analysis 2021 edition, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), Publications Office of the European Union. $(".sidebar-first a.is-active").next().addClass("show-menu"); The gender pay gap is not an indicator of the overall labour inequalities between women and men. It is also interesting to note the economic sectors for which a significant number of EU Member States recorded negative gender gaps. It also developed the Gender Equality Index, which provides a synthetic measure of gender equality in EU Member States. Among the countries with the smallest gender pay gap (below 10%), earnings varied from 8.6 PPS in Portugal to 19.4 PPS in Luxembourg. PDF Equal Pay? The gender pay gap might increase with age as a result of the career interruptions women may experience during their working life. Gender overall earnings gap is calculated as follows: where GOEG means Gender overall earnings gap, Em Mean hourly earnings of men, Hm Mean monthly hours paid to men, ERm Employment rate of men (aged 15-64), Ew Mean hourly earnings of women, Hw Mean monthly hours paid to women and ERw Employment rate of women (aged 15-64). Figure 5: Unexplained part of the gender pay gap: 2010 vs. 2014 (difference in percentage points) 19 Figure 6: Relationship between gender pay gap and female employment in SES 20 . Among the countries with the smallest gender gap in absolute value (below 7pp), the proportion of persons aged 30-34 with tertiary education in Romania (24.8%) and Germany (36.3%) was below the EU average, whereas it was higher in Austria (43.0%) and Ireland (62.0%). #block-views-block-homepages-field-blocks-block-5 div[class^="content_"],#block-views-block-homepages-field-blocks-block-5 div[class*=" content_"]{ The principle of 'equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value' has been enshrined in the European treaties since 1957. Nordics: unadjusted gender pay gap by country 2020 | Statista else{ Gender pay gap in the UK - Home - Office for National Statistics display: inline-block; Unadjusted annual gender pay gap in the Nordic countries from 2010 to 2020, by country [Graph], Eurostat, & Nordic Statistics database, February 25, 2022. Across the EU, women earn less per hour than men do overall. .slick.slick--view--homepage-news img { if ($('#block-naturalgas').length){ if ($('#block-technicalcooperation').length){ .view_id-page404 #block-exposedformnew-searchpage-6{ } Countries that recorded a gender overall earnings gap lower than 30% were: Lithuania (20.4%), Portugal (20.4%), Slovenia (20.7%), Luxembourg (23.2%), Sweden (23.8%), Bulgaria (24.2%), Finland (24.5%), Denmark (25.1%), Cyprus (25.2%), Croatia (25.5%), Latvia (25.7%), Belgium (26.4%), Romania (27.3%), Hungary (28.1%) and France (29.6%). The gender gap in pensions both at Member State and EU level is not a particularly flexible parameter, but has remained quite stable over time. early leavers from education and training, Four world conferences on women convened by the United Nations, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Living conditions in Europe - poverty and social exclusion, The life of women and men in Europe - A statistical portrait, A decomposition of the unadjusted gender pay gap using Structure of Earnings Survey data, Developing Gender Statistics: A Practical Tool, UNECE, 2010, European Commission - DG Justice and Consumers- Gender equality, European Commission - Europe 2020 - Key areas: comparing Member States' performances, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_statistics&oldid=604517. Across Member States, this figure shows a wide variation - from as low as 2.6 % in Estonia to 46.1 % in Malta. It is currently laid down in Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. One way of measuring this imbalance is the unadjusted gender pay gap, which shows the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of the average gross hourly earnings of men. Among the EU Member States with the largest gender gap in absolute value (above 22pp), the proportion of persons with tertiary education was below the EU average (41.6%) in Slovakia (40.2%) and above in Slovenia (49.2%) and Lithuania (60.2%). What does the Gender Pay Gap Information Act 2021 mean for me? In the European Union (EU) in 2019, women's average gross hourly earnings were 14.1% below the earnings of men (Eurostat, 2021a).The gender pay gap (GPG) has existed for decades and still remains to date. const queryString = window.location.search; It is also a fundamental right (Article 23 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union). } The gender pay gap in the European Union - European Commission affected by adjusting the Gender Pay Gap. #block-views-block-homepages-field-blocks-block-2 div div div.slick--view--homepages-field-blocks div.slick-slider div div div.slick__slide{height:auto!important;} } For more information on data sources and availability, see the metadata files linked to the multidimensional tables or in other relevant articles. PDF GENDER PAY GAP INFORMATION REPORTING FAQs FOR EMPLOYERS .advs:hover a{ Eurostat produces and disseminates a number of datasets that show how men and women compare in areas such as education, labour market, earnings, social inclusion and health in the EU. From reference year 2006 onwards, the unadjusted gender pay gap is based on the methodology of the Structure of earnings survey (SES) according to Regulation (EC) No 530/1999. } In most countries, the gender pay gap has decreased over the last ten years. padding: 0rem; In countries where the female employment rate is low, the pay gap tends to be lower than average. This publication analyses gender pay gaps in the European Union from a statistical perspective. Eurostat found a persisting gender pay gap of 17.5% on average in the 27 EU Member States in 2008. openedefault = $('.openedefault').length; In 2021, this gender gap was -10.7 percentage points(pp) in the EU, meaning that the proportion of women aged 30-34 that had attained tertiary education exceeded that of men by 10.7pp (see Figure1). hb```b``nf`c`jed@ AV(#s8xFzbfpgi1j!e&Z YP S5ISca8$x#^f:oA'!3\ej|(tqi@q!MX]z[ge=rG&&)Qaqqm:/q,d8VRvGcvN !r aLt3l^2F g I2C$@&GGT/@ZUa d!x:s&F> Pay transparency in the EU - Home - Consilium Gender pay gap 2021: hourly earnings of women again 18% lower than ::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper { } It means that women earn 13.0 % on average less per hour than men. These four were the only EU Member States with a gender employment gap not exceeding 5pp. #slick-views-homepages-field-blocks-block-11-1 .slick__slide{text-align:left; padding:15px!important}